Everything about The History Of Egypt totally explained
The
history of Egypt is the longest continuous history, as a unified state, of any country in the world. The
Nile valley forms a natural geographic and economic unit, bounded to the east and west by deserts, to the north by the sea and to the south by the
Cataracts of the Nile. The need to have a single authority to manage the waters of the Nile led to the creation of the world's first
state in
Egypt in about
3000 BC. Egypt's peculiar geography made it a difficult country to attack, which is why
Pharaonic Egypt was for so long an independent and self-contained state. The
Hyksos were among the earliest foreign rulers of Egypt, but the ancient Egyptians regained control of their country after the Hykso period. The
Neo-Assyrian Empire also controlled Egypt for a while before native Egyptians regained control.
Once Egypt did succumb to foreign rule, however, it proved unable to escape from it, and for 2,400 years, Egypt was governed by a series of
foreign powers: the
Nubians,
Persians,
Macedonians,
Romans,
Byzantines,
Ottomans,
French, and
British. During these 2,400 years, Egypt was independently governed under the
Ptolemies,
Ikhshidids,
Fatimids,
Ayyubids,
Mamluks and
Muhammad Ali. The founders and rulers of these governments, however, were not native to Egypt.
When
Gamal Abdel Nasser (
President of Egypt) (1954–1970) remarked that he was the first
native Egyptian to exercise sovereign power in the country since
Pharaoh Nectanebo II, deposed by the Persians in
343 BC, he was only exaggerating slightly.
In this encyclopedia, Egyptian history has been divided into eight periods:
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